GIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING TASKS
Bondarenko E.
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2295-146X
Yatsenko O.
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Abstract:
The article proposes a methodological approach to general (standard) environmental monitoring based on the functionality of geographic information systems (GIS). It consists of the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the algorithm for the creation of primary assessment cartographic models that determine the state of the environment as a whole and for individual components.
The authors formulated requirements for creating a system of geoinformation monitoring of the environment, which generally correlate with the tasks of the state system of environmental monitoring. These are the multilevel nature of the monitoring system, the complexity of observations of the state and dynamics of environmental management objects, the mutual consistency of heterogeneous indicators, the dependence of the observation frequency on the development of natural and anthropogenic processes, the consistency of observations with the development of forecasting and modeling techniques, the need to systematize observation data in GIS databases.
The authors presented a group of methodological principles for constructing a monitoring system based on GIS and disclosed their content. The regulatory principles for the creation and operation of GIS monitoring are the following principles: objectivity, systematic observation of the state of the environment, multilevel, consistency of regulatory and methodological support, consistency of software and hardware, interoperability, the efficiency of information passing between individual links of the system, openness of information for the population. The principles that ensure the state of the necessary information for its use in GIS include the principles: completeness of information, reliability, modernity, complexity in the assessment of environmental information, multivariate presentation of results.
The article also defines the requirements for the information support of GIS environmental monitoring. These are: taking into account the entire complex of natural, social, and economic characteristics of environmental objects; the need to use thematic and special maps of different content and purpose in addition to field observations; supplementing cartographic materials with statistical, textual data reflecting the statics and dynamics of objects and monitoring phenomena, presented on the resulting maps; periodic updating of GIS information support using remote sensing materials. GIS monitoring by structure blocks with a distributed architecture.
The GIS-based environmental monitoring algorithm is implemented on the example of creating primary resulting cartographic models of the estimated type – maps of atmospheric air pollution fields according to the atmospheric air quality index AQI PM 2.5.
Keywords: geographic information system, GIS, monitoring, environment, estimated cartographic models, database, methodological principles, information support, air quality index.
Language:
Ukrainian
DOI: http://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2020.76-77.14
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Suggested citation:
Bondarenko E., Yatsenko O., 2020. GIS in environmental monitoring tasks. Visnyk Kyivskogo nacionalnogo universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka, Geografiya [Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Geography], 1/2 (76/77), 95-100 (in Ukranian, abstr. in English), doi: 10.17721/1728-2721.2020.76-77.14
Received Editorial Board 30.09.2020
Accepted for publication 12.11.2020